{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","description":"This cluster of papers explores the concept of trained immunity, focusing on the innate immune system's ability to develop memory and provide nonspecific protection against various infections. The research covers topics such as BCG vaccination, epigenetic reprogramming, immunometabolism, and the potential implications for health and disease.","keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trained-immunity","display_name":"trained immunity","score":0.5676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-specific-vaccine-effects","display_name":"non-specific vaccine effects","score":0.6571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccinology","display_name":"vaccinology","score":0.2284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-vaccinology","display_name":"systems vaccinology","score":0.2612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-repurposing","display_name":"vaccine repurposing","score":0.2731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/future-of-vaccination","display_name":"future of vaccination","score":0.2692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination-in-older-adults","display_name":"vaccination in older adults","score":0.2412}],"legacy_keywords":"Trained Immunity; Innate Memory; BCG Vaccination; Epigenetic Reprogramming; Immunometabolism; Non-specific Effects; Infectious Diseases; Immune Memory; Vaccine Effects; Innate Immune Training","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T13410","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trained_immunity"},"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"},"siblings":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10469","display_name":"Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10993","display_name":"Complement system in diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11020","display_name":"Immune Cell Function and Interaction"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11313","display_name":"Immune cells in cancer"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11346","display_name":"Mast cells and histamine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11403","display_name":"Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11597","display_name":"Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11668","display_name":"interferon and immune responses"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11725","display_name":"Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12159","display_name":"T-cell and Retrovirus Studies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12255","display_name":"Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12387","display_name":"Galectins and Cancer Biology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12528","display_name":"IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12672","display_name":"Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13254","display_name":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14165","display_name":"Inflammation biomarkers and pathways"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14245","display_name":"Biomarkers in Disease Mechanisms"}],"works_count":12814,"cited_by_count":216925,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T13410","updated_date":"2026-10-22T03:01:35","created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:18"}