{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12652","display_name":"International Maritime Law Issues","description":"This cluster of papers explores the legal, scientific, and commercial aspects of marine genetic resources, focusing on access and benefit sharing, biodiversity conservation, and the implications of international law such as UNCLOS and the Nagoya Protocol. It also delves into issues related to bioprospecting, continental shelf delimitation, and governance of high seas for environmental protection.","keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-of-the-sea","display_name":"law of the sea","score":0.6998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unclos","display_name":"UNCLOS","score":0.7312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territorial-waters","display_name":"territorial waters","score":0.6167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-boundaries","display_name":"maritime boundaries","score":0.5808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exclusive-economic-zone","display_name":"exclusive economic zone","score":0.543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-boundary-delimitation","display_name":"maritime delimitation","score":0.7807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocean-governance","display_name":"ocean governance","score":0.3248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-seas","display_name":"high seas","score":0.5371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-sea-mining","display_name":"deep-sea mining","score":0.3302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-maritime-law","display_name":"international maritime law","score":0.3977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-and-benefit-sharing","display_name":"access and benefit sharing","score":0.3957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-tribunal-for-the-law-of-the-sea","display_name":"International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea","score":0.693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unclos-1982","display_name":"UNCLOS 1982","score":0.7331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-territorial-disputes","display_name":"maritime boundary dispute","score":0.3822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-seabed-authority","display_name":"International Seabed Authority","score":0.7425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/areas-beyond-national-jurisdiction","display_name":"areas beyond national jurisdiction","score":0.729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nagoya-protocol","display_name":"Nagoya Protocol","score":0.3996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fisheries-law","display_name":"fisheries law","score":0.2148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maritime-jurisdiction","display_name":"maritime jurisdiction","score":0.3649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freedom-of-navigation","display_name":"freedom of navigation","score":0.3657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seabed-resources","display_name":"seabed resources","score":0.8319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-heritage-of-mankind","display_name":"common heritage of mankind","score":0.4376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1982-united-nations-convention-on-the-law-of-the-sea","display_name":"1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea","score":0.8497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-biodiversity-conservation","display_name":"marine biodiversity conservation","score":0.2129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continental-shelf-delimitation","display_name":"continental shelf delimitation","score":0.834}],"legacy_keywords":"Marine Genetic Resources; Access and Benefit Sharing; International Law; Biodiversity Conservation; UNCLOS; Nagoya Protocol; Bioprospecting; Continental Shelf Delimitation; High Seas Governance; Environmental Protection","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T12652","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_genetic_resources"},"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"},"siblings":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10898","display_name":"Environmental Education and Sustainability"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12013","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12165","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability and Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12227","display_name":"Environmental and Social Impact Assessments"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12348","display_name":"Rural Development and Agriculture"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12414","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Management"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12467","display_name":"Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12837","display_name":"American Environmental and Regional History"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12883","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Management"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12922","display_name":"Business and Economic Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13082","display_name":"Water and Land Management"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13244","display_name":"Analysis of environmental and stochastic processes"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13432","display_name":"Environmental Sustainability and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13438","display_name":"Environmental Conservation and Management"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13557","display_name":"Environmental and sustainability education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13592","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Techniques and Applications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13654","display_name":"Urban Planning and Landscape Design"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13729","display_name":"Korean Urban and Social Studies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13760","display_name":"Finance, Taxation, and Governance"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13801","display_name":"Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13893","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Policies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13920","display_name":"Urban Planning and Valuation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13933","display_name":"Whitehead's Philosophy and Applications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14019","display_name":"Socioeconomic and Demographic Analysis"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14106","display_name":"Environmental and Sediment Control"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14341","display_name":"Education, Technology, and Ethics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14408","display_name":"Coastal Management and Development"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14452","display_name":"Mexican Socioeconomic and Environmental Dynamics"}],"works_count":60380,"cited_by_count":147044,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T12652","updated_date":"2026-10-18T03:01:31","created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:15"}