{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","description":"This cluster of papers focuses on the photonics and optoelectronics of lithium niobate crystals, covering a wide range of topics such as optical modulators, photonic crystals, electro-optic effects, nonlinear optics, integrated photonics, frequency conversion, microresonators, and holographic data storage.","keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-niobate","display_name":"lithium niobate","score":0.4198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photorefractive-effect","display_name":"photorefractive effect","score":0.8343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction-efficiency","display_name":"diffraction efficiency","score":0.2778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holographic-data-storage","display_name":"holographic data storage","score":0.5732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-phase-conjugation","display_name":"phase conjugation","score":0.4619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-phase-matching","display_name":"quasi-phase matching","score":0.6213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holographic-recording","display_name":"holographic recording","score":0.3788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photorefractive-crystals","display_name":"photorefractive crystals","score":0.7149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periodically-poled-lithium-niobate","display_name":"periodically poled lithium niobate","score":0.536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-effect","display_name":"electro-optic effect","score":0.3408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-modulator","display_name":"electro-optic modulator","score":0.3227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-beam-coupling","display_name":"two-wave mixing","score":0.7729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film-lithium-niobate","display_name":"thin-film lithium niobate","score":0.5245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holographic-gratings","display_name":"holographic gratings","score":0.3052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-modulation","display_name":"electro-optic modulation","score":0.2797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index-modulation","display_name":"refractive index modulation","score":0.2259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-tantalate","display_name":"lithium tantalate","score":0.2622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degenerate-four-wave-mixing","display_name":"degenerate four-wave mixing","score":0.2898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/difference-frequency-generation","display_name":"difference frequency generation","score":0.2246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photorefractive-materials","display_name":"photorefractive materials","score":0.6994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potassium-titanyl-phosphate","display_name":"potassium titanyl phosphate","score":0.3989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-nonlinear-optics","display_name":"second-order nonlinear optics","score":0.2011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sum-frequency-generation","display_name":"sum-frequency generation","score":0.2126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange","display_name":"proton exchange","score":0.2126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electro-optic-coefficient","display_name":"electro-optic coefficient","score":0.4177}],"legacy_keywords":"Lithium Niobate; Photonics; Optical Modulators; Photonic Crystals; Electro-optic Effects; Nonlinear Optics; Integrated Photonics; Frequency Conversion; Microresonators; Holographic Data Storage","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/T11050","wikipedia":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_niobate"},"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"},"siblings":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10002","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Physics Studies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10523","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10657","display_name":"Topological Materials and Phenomena"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10923","display_name":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11177","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11262","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11484","display_name":"Adaptive optics and wavefront sensing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11603","display_name":"Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11897","display_name":"Digital Holography and Microscopy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11965","display_name":"Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12220","display_name":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12612","display_name":"Strong Light-Matter Interactions"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13493","display_name":"Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13531","display_name":"Surface and Thin Film Phenomena"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14363","display_name":"Optical properties and cooling technologies in crystalline materials"}],"works_count":92664,"cited_by_count":832640,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=topics.id:T11050","updated_date":"2026-10-20T03:01:21","created_date":"2024-01-23T15:27:09"}