{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sum-frequency-generation","display_name":"sum-frequency generation","description":"Sum-frequency generation is a nonlinear optical process in which interacting light fields produce light at the sum of their frequencies, used in spectroscopy and materials research.","display_name_alternatives":["optical sum-frequency generation","SFG"],"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sum-frequency-generation","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3123190"},"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.2126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11050","display_name":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","score":0.2126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11127","display_name":"Solid State Laser Technologies","score":0.1115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11177","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies","score":0.1081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.1071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"works_count":4675,"cited_by_count":77841,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=keywords.id:keywords/sum-frequency-generation","updated_date":"2026-10-20T04:07:40","created_date":"2022-04-12T19:38:12"}