{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-systems","display_name":"soft systems","description":"Soft systems are approaches to understanding and addressing complex, ill-structured problems involving multiple perspectives and human activity.","display_name_alternatives":["SSM"],"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-systems","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q613474"},"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.2726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.2726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"works_count":345,"cited_by_count":2877,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=keywords.id:keywords/soft-systems","updated_date":"2026-10-23T04:06:34","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}