{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-optimization","display_name":"second-order optimization","description":"Optimization methods that use second derivatives or curvature information to guide the search for an optimum.","display_name_alternatives":["second-order optimisation","second-order optimisation methods","second-order optimization methods"],"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-optimization","wikidata":null},"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.3351,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.3351,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.0851,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"works_count":1345,"cited_by_count":20376,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=keywords.id:keywords/second-order-optimization","updated_date":"2026-10-22T04:07:25","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}