{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-verification","display_name":"hardware verification","description":"The use of testing and formal methods to determine whether hardware designs satisfy their specifications and behave correctly.","display_name_alternatives":["verification of hardware","hardware design verification","verification of hardware designs"],"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-verification","wikidata":null},"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.3873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.3873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.2494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"works_count":7048,"cited_by_count":56974,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=keywords.id:keywords/hardware-verification","updated_date":"2026-10-22T04:07:25","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}