{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorination","display_name":"fluorination","description":"A chemical reaction or treatment that introduces fluorine atoms into a substance, often to modify its surface or material properties.","display_name_alternatives":["fluorination reaction","fluorination reactions"],"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorination","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228923"},"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10947","display_name":"Fluorine in Organic Chemistry","score":0.3356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10947","display_name":"Fluorine in Organic Chemistry","score":0.3356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"works_count":11324,"cited_by_count":192966,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=keywords.id:keywords/fluorination","updated_date":"2026-10-22T04:07:25","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}