{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgsm","display_name":"FGSM","description":"The Fast Gradient Sign Method, a gradient-based technique for generating adversarial examples to test or attack machine-learning models.","display_name_alternatives":["fast gradient sign attack","fast gradient sign method","FGSM attack"],"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgsm","wikidata":null},"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"works_count":1770,"cited_by_count":13441,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=keywords.id:keywords/fgsm","updated_date":"2026-10-22T04:07:25","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}