{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-sensitive-learning","display_name":"cost-sensitive learning","description":"A machine-learning framework that incorporates unequal costs of errors, actions, or data acquisition into model training and decision-making.","display_name_alternatives":["cost-sensitive machine learning","cost-aware learning"],"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-sensitive-learning","wikidata":null},"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.3162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.3162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"works_count":3380,"cited_by_count":74730,"works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=keywords.id:keywords/cost-sensitive-learning","updated_date":"2026-10-20T04:07:40","created_date":"2026-09-30T00:00:00"}