{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111473620","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[],"display_name":"William J. Fowler","raw_author_names":["Fowler, William J.,\n    1945-","Fowler, William J.,    1945-","William J. Fowler"],"full_name":"WILLIAM J. FOWLER","works_count":42,"cited_by_count":670,"summary_stats":{"2yr_mean_citedness":0.0,"h_index":8,"i10_index":7},"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/A5111473620","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"affiliations":[{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311289386","ror":"https://ror.org/021adze67","display_name":"United States Department of Education","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311289386"]},"years":[2007,1987]}],"last_known_institutions":null,"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","count":32,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","count":29,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","count":22,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","count":6,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","count":4,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"topic_share":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","value":0.0002045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","value":0.0001091,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11461","display_name":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","value":4.61e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","value":2.39e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","value":2e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"x_concepts":[{"id":"10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","score":0.5614312887191772},{"id":"41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4989297389984131},{"id":"162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","score":0.49788355827331543},{"id":"15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4967949688434601}],"counts_by_year":[{"year":1974,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1977,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1978,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1987,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1989,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1990,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1991,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1992,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1993,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1994,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1995,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":2,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1996,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1998,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1999,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2001,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2002,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2003,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2004,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2005,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2006,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2007,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2012,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2013,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2015,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2016,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2017,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2026,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":3}],"display_name_alternatives":["Fowler, William J.,\n    1945-","Fowler, William J.,    1945-","William J. Fowler"],"block_key":"w fowler","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5111473620","awards_count":0,"awards_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/awards?filter=investigators.author.id:A5111473620","updated_date":"2026-11-10T14:30:39","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
