{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111447385","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[],"display_name":"M. Bitter","raw_author_names":["Bitter, M.","M Bitter","M. BITTER","M. Bitter"],"full_name":"Michael Bitter","works_count":234,"cited_by_count":5767,"summary_stats":{"2yr_mean_citedness":0.0,"h_index":42,"i10_index":104},"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/A5111447385","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"affiliations":[{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106530797","ror":"https://ror.org/01d7n9638","display_name":"ITER","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106530797","https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},"years":[2017]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117197279","ror":"https://ror.org/05nf86y53","display_name":"Japan Atomic Energy Agency","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117197279"]},"years":[1986,1982]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1281029379","ror":"https://ror.org/02zt1gg83","display_name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281029379"]},"years":[2017]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]},"years":[2017,2005,1992]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},"years":[2007,2003,1986]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330989302","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27","display_name":"United States Department of Energy","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]},"years":[1987,1984]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]},"years":[2017]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343035065","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495","display_name":"United States Department of Commerce","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]},"years":[1992,1988]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]},"years":[1991,1988]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},"years":[1986]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","ror":"https://ror.org/031478740","display_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I139351228","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},"years":[1992]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},"years":[2003]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","display_name":"Kansas State University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]},"years":[1990,1987]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","display_name":"Princeton University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},"years":[2017,2010,2009,2005,2003,2002,2001,1999,1998,1997,1996,1995,1994,1993,1992,1991,1990,1989,1988,1987,1986,1985,1984,1983,1982,1981,1980,1979]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","display_name":"University of Washington","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},"years":[2003]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799567181","ror":"https://ror.org/03vn1ts68","display_name":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]},"years":[2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2005,2003,2002,2001,1999,1998,1997,1996,1995,1994,1993,1992,1991,1990,1989,1988,1987,1986,1985,1984,1983,1982,1981,1980,1979]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800295664","ror":"https://ror.org/010k8n340","display_name":"RCA (United States)","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800295664"]},"years":[1986]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","display_name":"University of California San Diego","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},"years":[2009,2003]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","display_name":"University of Oxford","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},"years":[1986]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108322","ror":"https://ror.org/01t3wyv61","display_name":"National Institute for Fusion Science","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I199525922","https://openalex.org/I4210108322"]},"years":[2012,2010,1994]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108489","ror":"https://ror.org/01p92hb48","display_name":"National Technical Information Service","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210108489"]},"years":[1988,1986]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139716","ror":"https://ror.org/03taest98","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210139716"]},"years":[1982]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256501","ror":"https://ror.org/048400679","display_name":"Space Sciences Laboratory","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256501","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},"years":[2017]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405264447","ror":"https://ror.org/01yvrd251","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre-et-Marie-Curie","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4405264447"]},"years":[1991,1990]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63329203","ror":"https://ror.org/046aym564","display_name":"Lock Haven University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63329203"]},"years":[1992]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63533367","ror":"https://ror.org/03ngjpk76","display_name":"General Atomics (United States)","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63533367"]},"years":[2003]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},"years":[2010,2009,2003]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},"years":[1986]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},"years":[2003]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7597260","ror":"https://ror.org/02ks8qq67","display_name":"Hungarian Academy of Sciences","country_code":"HU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7597260"]},"years":[1986]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","display_name":"Columbia University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},"years":[2003,1994]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},"years":[2017]}],"last_known_institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799567181","ror":"https://ror.org/03vn1ts68","display_name":"Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I20089843","https://openalex.org/I2799567181","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","count":223,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13769","display_name":"Fusion and Plasma Physics Studies","count":173,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10781","display_name":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","count":102,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","count":67,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","count":31,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"topic_share":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10384","display_name":"Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics","value":0.0001834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","value":0.000143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11733","display_name":"X-ray Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Analysis","value":7.33e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10523","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics","value":5.12e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11854","display_name":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","value":3.87e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"x_concepts":[{"id":"121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","score":0.9598138332366943},{"id":"116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","score":0.9225362539291382},{"id":"82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.8657257556915283},{"id":"184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.794336199760437},{"id":"185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.7196915149688721}],"counts_by_year":[{"year":1974,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1979,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1980,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1981,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1982,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":6,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1983,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1984,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1985,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":4,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1986,"works_count":13,"oa_works_count":8,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1987,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":7,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1988,"works_count":10,"oa_works_count":6,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1989,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1990,"works_count":9,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1991,"works_count":14,"oa_works_count":8,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1992,"works_count":9,"oa_works_count":5,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1993,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":4,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1994,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":5,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1995,"works_count":11,"oa_works_count":4,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1996,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1997,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":4,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1998,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1999,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2001,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":6,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2002,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2003,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2005,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":5,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2006,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2007,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2008,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2009,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":5,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2010,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":2,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2011,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2012,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":4,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2013,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":6,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2014,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":173},{"year":2015,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":194},{"year":2016,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":211},{"year":2017,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":2,"cited_by_count":136},{"year":2018,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":161},{"year":2019,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":141},{"year":2020,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2021,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":169},{"year":2022,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2023,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2024,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":173},{"year":2025,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":148},{"year":2026,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":114}],"display_name_alternatives":["Bitter, M.","M Bitter","M. BITTER","M. Bitter"],"block_key":"m bitter","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5111447385","updated_date":"2026-11-04T11:47:51","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}