{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110013693","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[],"display_name":"Martine Appel","raw_author_names":["M Appel","M. Appel","M; Appel","Martine Appel"],"full_name":"Martine Appel","works_count":41,"cited_by_count":2002,"summary_stats":{"2yr_mean_citedness":0.0,"h_index":22,"i10_index":27},"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/A5110013693","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"affiliations":[{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},"years":[2007,2006,2005,2004,2002,2001,1999,1997,1996,1992,1991,1990,1986,1984,1980]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},"years":[2007,2006,2005,2004,2003,2002,2001,2000,1999,1997,1996,1991,1984,1978,1976]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111777","ror":"https://ror.org/01thw2g46","display_name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I190752583","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I4210111777","https://openalex.org/I4210139971","https://openalex.org/I4210161506","https://openalex.org/I98910050"]},"years":[1992,1991,1990,1986,1984,1980]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117966","ror":"https://ror.org/02mnw9q71","display_name":"Institut Galien Paris-Saclay","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210117966","https://openalex.org/I4210128300"]},"years":[2007,2006,2005,2004,2003,2002,2001,2000,1999]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166329","ror":"https://ror.org/05h8pvh61","display_name":"H\u00f4pital Broussais","country_code":"FR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166329"]},"years":[1978,1977,1976,1972]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156284","ror":"https://ror.org/0220k9r37","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4387156284"]},"years":[1980]}],"last_known_institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117966","ror":"https://ror.org/02mnw9q71","display_name":"Institut Galien Paris-Saclay","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210117966","https://openalex.org/I4210128300"]}],"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","count":19,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","count":13,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10256","display_name":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","count":5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","count":5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10602","display_name":"Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research","count":5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"topic_share":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11686","display_name":"Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers","value":6.55e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2507","display_name":"Polymers and Plastics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","value":4.75e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","value":3.48e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11313","display_name":"Immune cells in cancer","value":3.01e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12030","display_name":"S100 Proteins and Annexins","value":2.42e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"x_concepts":[{"id":"86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","score":0.7674897909164429},{"id":"185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.7603048086166382},{"id":"202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","score":0.7459129095077515},{"id":"55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.5136381983757019},{"id":"71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.48744872212409973}],"counts_by_year":[{"year":1972,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1976,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1977,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1978,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1979,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1980,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1982,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1984,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1985,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1986,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1990,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1991,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1992,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1995,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1996,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1997,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1999,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2000,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2001,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":2,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2002,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2003,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2004,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2005,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2006,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2007,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2012,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":110},{"year":2013,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2014,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2015,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2016,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":123},{"year":2017,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2018,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2019,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2020,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2021,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2022,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2024,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2026,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":21}],"display_name_alternatives":["M Appel","M. Appel","M; Appel","Martine Appel"],"block_key":"m appel","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5110013693","updated_date":"2026-11-07T12:08:38","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}