{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105595616","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[],"display_name":"William S. Gray","raw_author_names":["Gray, William S.","Gray, William S.\n    (William Scott),\n    1885-1960.","Gray, William S.    (William Scott),    1885-1960.","Gray, William Scott. [from old catalog]","W. S. Gray","William S Gray","William S. Gray","William S. Gray III","William Scott Gray"],"full_name":"William S. Gray III","works_count":344,"cited_by_count":1215,"summary_stats":{"2yr_mean_citedness":0.0,"h_index":13,"i10_index":18},"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/A5105595616","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"affiliations":[{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","display_name":"University of Iowa","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]},"years":[1946]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","display_name":"Princeton University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},"years":[1984]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","display_name":"University of Chicago","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},"years":[1960,1959,1958,1957,1956,1955,1954,1953,1952,1951,1950,1949,1948,1947,1946,1945,1944,1943,1942,1941,1940,1939,1938,1937,1936,1935,1934,1933,1932,1927,1924,1921,1920,1919,1918,1917]}],"last_known_institutions":null,"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","count":171,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13061","display_name":"Literacy and Educational Practices","count":165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10457","display_name":"Education Pedagogy and Practices","count":44,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13570","display_name":"Historical Education Studies Worldwide","count":43,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","count":42,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"topic_share":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13061","display_name":"Literacy and Educational Practices","value":0.0004632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","value":0.0003087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13853","display_name":"Teacher Education and Assessments","value":0.0002534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10561","display_name":"Educational Research and Methods","value":0.0001858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","value":0.0001619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"x_concepts":[{"id":"554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.8742362856864929},{"id":"145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.7027400732040405},{"id":"15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6068000197410583},{"id":"161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","score":0.5862589478492737}],"counts_by_year":[{"year":1910,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1916,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1917,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1918,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1919,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1920,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1921,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1922,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1923,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1924,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1925,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1926,"works_count":9,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1927,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1928,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1929,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1930,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1931,"works_count":14,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1932,"works_count":16,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1933,"works_count":9,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1934,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1935,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1936,"works_count":13,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1937,"works_count":12,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1938,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1939,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1940,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1941,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1942,"works_count":11,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1943,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1944,"works_count":8,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1945,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1946,"works_count":14,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1947,"works_count":10,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1948,"works_count":9,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1949,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1950,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1951,"works_count":16,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1952,"works_count":12,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1953,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1954,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1955,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1956,"works_count":10,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1957,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1958,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1959,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1960,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1961,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1966,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1968,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1971,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1973,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1980,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":1984,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2000,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2004,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2007,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2012,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2013,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2016,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2018,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2024,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2026,"works_count":0,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":21}],"display_name_alternatives":["Gray, William S.","Gray, William S.\n    (William Scott),\n    1885-1960.","Gray, William S.    (William Scott),    1885-1960.","Gray, William Scott. [from old catalog]","W. S. Gray","William S Gray","William S. Gray","William S. Gray III","William Scott Gray"],"block_key":"w gray","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5105595616","awards_count":0,"awards_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/awards?filter=investigators.author.id:A5105595616","updated_date":"2026-11-10T14:30:39","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}