{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010956002","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-7210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-7210"],"display_name":"Bruce D. Freedman","raw_author_names":["B D Freedman","B.\u00a0D. FREEDMAN","Bruce D Freedman","Bruce D. Freedman","Bruce Freedman"],"full_name":"Bruce D. Freedman","works_count":88,"cited_by_count":4761,"summary_stats":{"2yr_mean_citedness":27.0,"h_index":39,"i10_index":61},"ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/A5010956002","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-7210","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-7210"]},"affiliations":[{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149251103","ror":"https://ror.org/00ysqcn41","display_name":"Thomas Jefferson University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149251103"]},"years":[2005]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24156275","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5j8p12","display_name":"Rega Institute for Medical Research","country_code":"BE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24156275"]},"years":[2001,2000]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27897274","ror":"https://ror.org/02hssy432","display_name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27897274"]},"years":[2001]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","display_name":"University of California San Diego","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},"years":[2005]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72816309","ror":"https://ror.org/04bdffz58","display_name":"Drexel University","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72816309"]},"years":[2018]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},"years":[2024,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2009,2007,2006,2005,2004,2003,2002,2001,2000,1999,1996,1995,1992]},{"institution":{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","display_name":"KU Leuven","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},"years":[2001,2000]}],"last_known_institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","count":24,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11204","display_name":"Ion Channels and Receptors","count":20,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","count":17,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11581","display_name":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","count":16,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12047","display_name":"Viral Infections and Vectors","count":13,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"topic_share":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11581","display_name":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","value":0.0001646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11591","display_name":"NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathways","value":0.0001204,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13415","display_name":"Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism","value":0.0001164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1314","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12620","display_name":"Signaling Pathways in Disease","value":0.0001108,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11204","display_name":"Ion Channels and Receptors","value":0.0001047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2809","display_name":"Sensory Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"x_concepts":[{"id":"86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","score":0.9639798402786255},{"id":"95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","score":0.8377666473388672},{"id":"185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.7306820750236511},{"id":"203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.6956539154052734},{"id":"55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.43101435899734497}],"counts_by_year":[{"year":1992,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":1995,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":1996,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":1999,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":447},{"year":2000,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":179},{"year":2001,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":572},{"year":2002,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2003,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":284},{"year":2004,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":0,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2005,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":345},{"year":2006,"works_count":9,"oa_works_count":5,"cited_by_count":553},{"year":2007,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":112},{"year":2009,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":4,"cited_by_count":268},{"year":2012,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":209},{"year":2013,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":170},{"year":2014,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":250},{"year":2015,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":4,"cited_by_count":188},{"year":2016,"works_count":4,"oa_works_count":2,"cited_by_count":129},{"year":2017,"works_count":2,"oa_works_count":2,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2018,"works_count":5,"oa_works_count":5,"cited_by_count":243},{"year":2019,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":91},{"year":2020,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":104},{"year":2021,"works_count":6,"oa_works_count":5,"cited_by_count":218},{"year":2022,"works_count":3,"oa_works_count":3,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"works_count":7,"oa_works_count":7,"cited_by_count":0},{"year":2024,"works_count":1,"oa_works_count":1,"cited_by_count":27}],"display_name_alternatives":["B D Freedman","B.\u00a0D. FREEDMAN","Bruce D Freedman","Bruce D. Freedman","Bruce Freedman"],"block_key":"b freedman","works_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=author.id:A5010956002","updated_date":"2026-10-13T12:33:52","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}