{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4300812420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17615/h1gp-7690","title":"Transitioning Pharmacogenomics into the Clinical Setting: Training Future Pharmacists","display_name":"Transitioning Pharmacogenomics into the Clinical Setting: Training Future Pharmacists","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4300812420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17615/h1gp-7690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17615/h1gp-7690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17615/h1gp-7690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051488","display_name":"UNC Libraries","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17615/h1gp-7690","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332752","display_name":"Nan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4197-4245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112868822","display_name":"Jacqueline E. McLaughlin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McLaughlin, Jacqueline E.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053109746","display_name":"Cristina S. Benton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benton, Cristina S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066414662","display_name":"Kelly L. Scolaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scolaro, Kelly L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eshelman School of Pharmacy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042956546","display_name":"Tim Wiltshire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5960-4034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wiltshire, Tim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057611967","display_name":"Amber Frick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frick, Amber","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072001527","display_name":"Courtney L. Bradley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-6693"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley, Courtney L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040069705","display_name":"Oscar Suzuki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzuki, Oscar T.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100332752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36182771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.929099977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12168","display_name":"Health and Medical Research Impacts","score":0.9035999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacogenomics","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics","score":0.9547398090362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4999358654022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-pharmacy","display_name":"Clinical pharmacy","score":0.4355413615703583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4124072194099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacy","display_name":"Pharmacy","score":0.2721824645996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.234959214925766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.19224682450294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10429862141609192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170734499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152227","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics","level":2,"score":0.9547398090362549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4999358654022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10446079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155491","display_name":"Clinical pharmacy","level":3,"score":0.4355413615703583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4124072194099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.2721824645996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.234959214925766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.19224682450294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10429862141609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17615/h1gp-7690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17615/h1gp-7690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051488","display_name":"UNC Libraries","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17615/h1gp-7690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17615/h1gp-7690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051488","display_name":"UNC Libraries","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W2586801360","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pharmacogenomics,":[0],"once":[1],"hailed":[2],"as":[3,29],"a":[4,41,82,227,335],"futuristic":[5],"approach":[6],"to":[7,11,19,40,55,60,67,129,248],"pharmacotherapy,":[8],"has":[9,35],"transitioned":[10],"clinical":[12,20,62],"implementation.":[13],"Although":[14],"logistic":[15],"and":[16,51,53,96,124,130,137,148,159,171,196,204,218,242,272,325,330],"economic":[17],"limitations":[18],"pharmacogenomics":[21,127,333],"are":[22,57],"being":[23],"superseded":[24],"by":[25,33],"external":[26],"measures":[27],"such":[28],"preemptive":[30],"genotyping,":[31,322],"implementation":[32],"clinicians":[34],"met":[36],"resistance,":[37],"partly":[38],"due":[39],"lack":[42],"of":[43,71,108,233,269,274],"education.":[44],"Pharmacists,":[45],"with":[46,142,164,289],"extensive":[47],"training":[48],"in":[49,81,89,230,244,300,315,334],"pharmacology":[50],"pharmacotherapy":[52],"accessibility":[54],"patients,":[56],"ideally":[58],"suited":[59],"champion":[61],"pharmacogenomics.":[63,103],"This":[64],"study":[65],"aimed":[66],"analyze":[68],"the":[69,105,132,149,172,188,261,270],"outcomes":[70],"an":[72,297],"innovative":[73],"pharmacogenomic":[74,234,246],"teaching":[75],"approach.":[76],"Second-year":[77],"student":[78,183,198,262],"pharmacists":[79,184,199,225,267],"enrolled":[80],"required,":[83],"15-week":[84],"pharmaceutical":[85],"care":[86],"lab":[87],"course":[88],"2015":[90],"completed":[91,119,187,201,215],"educational":[92,133,318],"activities":[93],"including":[94,320],"lectures":[95],"small":[97],"group":[98],"work":[99],"focusing":[100],"on":[101,126],"practical":[102],"Reflecting":[104],"current":[106],"landscape":[107],"direct-to-consumer":[109],"(DTC)":[110],"genomic":[111],"testing,":[112],"students":[113,161,312],"were":[114,140,162,179],"offered":[115],"23andMe":[116],"genotyping.":[117,223,265,316],"Students":[118],"surveys":[120,206],"regarding":[121],"their":[122,231,301],"attitudes":[123,331],"confidence":[125,243],"prior":[128],"following":[131],"intervention.":[134],"Paired":[135],"pre-":[136,203,217],"post-intervention":[138,205,219],"responses":[139],"analyzed":[141,163,180],"McNemar's":[143],"test":[144,152,167],"for":[145,153,168,175,181,197],"binary":[146,169],"comparisons":[147,170],"Wilcoxon":[150],"signed-rank":[151],"Likert":[154,176],"items.":[155,177],"Responses":[156,178],"between":[157],"genotyped":[158],"non-genotyped":[160],"Fisher's":[165],"exact":[166],"Mann-Whitney":[173],"U-test":[174],"all":[182],"who":[185,200,214,313],"voluntarily":[186],"pre-intervention":[189],"survey":[190],"(N":[191,207],"=":[192,208,257,286,308],"121,":[193],"83%":[194],"response)":[195],"both":[202,216],"39,":[209],"27%":[210],"response).":[211],"Of":[212],"those":[213],"surveys,":[220],"59%":[221],"obtained":[222],"Student":[224,266],"demonstrated":[226],"significant":[228],"increase":[229],"knowledge":[232],"resources":[235],"(17.9":[236],"vs.":[237,254,283,305],"56.4%,":[238],"p":[239,256,285,307],"<":[240],"0.0001)":[241],"applying":[245],"information":[247],"manage":[249],"patients'":[250],"drug":[251],"therapy":[252],"(28.2":[253],"48.7%,":[255],"0.01),":[258,309],"particularly":[259,310],"if":[260],"had":[263],"received":[264],"understanding":[268],"risks":[271],"benefits":[273],"using":[275],"personal":[276,292,321],"genome":[277],"testing":[278],"services":[279],"significantly":[280],"increased":[281],"(55.3":[282],"86.8%,":[284],"0.001)":[287],"along":[288],"agreement":[290],"that":[291],"genomics":[293],"would":[294],"likely":[295],"play":[296],"important":[298],"role":[299],"future":[302],"career":[303],"(47.4":[304],"76.3%,":[306],"among":[311],"participated":[314],"The":[317],"intervention,":[319],"was":[323],"feasible,":[324],"positively":[326],"enhanced":[327],"students'":[328],"reflections,":[329],"toward":[332],"professional":[336],"pharmacy":[337],"program.":[338]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}